Which US government body is in charge of monetary policy?

The Federal Reserve is responsible for the formulation and implementation of monetary policy in the United States. Its primary role is to manage the nation's money supply and interest rates to ensure financial stability and promote economic growth. This includes controlling inflation, minimizing unemployment, and overseeing the banking system. The Federal Reserve operates independently of the executive and legislative branches, allowing it to make decisions based on economic indicators rather than political pressures.

The other options represent different aspects of government finance and policy. Congress is responsible for fiscal policy, which involves government spending and taxation. The Department of the Treasury manages federal finances, produces currency, and enforces finance and tax laws but does not control monetary policy. The Office of Management and Budget focuses on the administration of the federal budget but does not directly influence monetary policy decisions. Thus, the Federal Reserve's unique role makes it the correct answer for controlling monetary policy.