Which of the following promised US assistance to "free people resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures"?

The correct choice is the Truman Doctrine, which was articulated in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman. This policy was a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, marking the beginning of an active American role in global affairs during the Cold War. It specifically sought to contain the spread of communism by providing military and economic assistance to countries threatened by such subjugation, which could come from both armed minorities—often referring to communist insurgents—and external pressures from nations like the Soviet Union.

By stating the commitment to help "free people resisting attempted subjugation," the Truman Doctrine aimed to rally support for countries at risk, primarily Greece and Turkey at that time. This doctrine laid the groundwork for U.S. involvement worldwide against perceived threats of communism, allowing for a proactive stance instead of a reactive one.

In contrast, the Marshall Plan was focused on the economic recovery of Europe after World War II, providing financial aid to rebuild European economies rather than directly addressing military resistance. The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed in response to NATO, and the Paris Declaration pertains to various treaties and agreements but does not relate to U.S. assistance to countries facing armed conflict or threats. Thus, the Truman Doctrine distinctly embodies the promise of U.S