Which of the following groups substantially influences media framing and public perception?

The chosen answer indicates that all listed groups—educational institutions, public relations firms, and government agencies—have a substantial influence on media framing and public perception. Each group plays a distinct role in shaping how information is presented and received by the public.

Educational institutions often serve as centers for research and knowledge production. They influence media by providing studies, expert opinions, and contributing to public discourse on various issues. Their findings can shape narratives and inform the framing of news stories.

Public relations firms are specifically tasked with managing the communication and image of their clients, which often includes shaping public perception through media channels. They create strategic messaging that can significantly sway public opinion and how issues are framed in the media.

Government agencies also have a crucial role in influencing media framing. They regulate, provide information, and can also have a direct hand in how events are reported through press releases or official statements. The framing imposed by government agencies can determine the public's understanding and reaction to policies or issues.

By acknowledging that all these groups contribute to the interplay between media framing and public perception, the answer highlights the complexity of how information is shaped in society. Each group brings its own resources, objectives, and impact, leading to a multifaceted influence on public perception.