Which of the following conflicts resulted from European trade practices with China in the 18th century?

The Opium Wars were a direct result of European trade practices with China, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. As European demand for Chinese goods like tea, silk, and porcelain grew, European traders sought ways to balance trade, especially as China maintained a trade surplus with Europe, refusing to import many Western products.

The British East India Company began exporting opium to China, leading to widespread addiction and social problems within Chinese society. The Chinese government attempted to suppress the opium trade, resulting in conflicts with British traders, who were determined to continue their profitable trade. Tensions escalated, culminating in the First Opium War (1839-1842) and the Second Opium War (1856-1860).

The other options, such as the War of the Roses, the Napoleonic Wars, and the Crusades, are not related to trade practices with China during the 18th century. The War of the Roses was a series of English civil wars for control of the throne, the Napoleonic Wars involved conflicts across Europe largely stemming from France's imperial ambitions, and the Crusades were military campaigns in the medieval period aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land. Therefore, the Opium Wars stand out