Which of the following actions is considered a violation of the Civil Rights Act?

The action that is considered a violation of the Civil Rights Act is coding resumes or applications by gender or race. This practice is discriminatory as it involves categorizing candidates based on protected characteristics, leading to potential biases in hiring decisions. The Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and coding applications by these factors can create inequities in the selection process, further perpetuating discrimination against certain groups.

In contrast, requiring educational achievements relevant to job performance and conducting aptitude tests are generally acceptable practices, provided they are implemented equally for all candidates and do not disproportionately exclude individuals from protected classes. Limiting applications to degreed candidates may also be permissible if the requirement is essential to job performance. However, any practice that clearly discriminates based on race or gender does not align with the principles of the Civil Rights Act and is, therefore, a violation.