Which event is associated with the establishment of Labor Day as a federal holiday?

The establishment of Labor Day as a federal holiday is primarily associated with the Pullman Strike, which occurred in 1894. This significant labor unrest involved a nationwide railroad strike that began at the Pullman Company in Chicago. Workers protested against wage cuts and unfair working conditions. The strike escalated and led to widespread disruptions in rail services across the country.

In response to the strike, the federal government intervened, leading to violent clashes. The events highlighted the growing tensions between labor and management during the Industrial Revolution in the United States. In an effort to mend relations with the labor movement and as a way to promote peace after the upheaval, Congress swiftly passed legislation to make Labor Day a national holiday. This was signed into law by President Grover Cleveland in 1894, solidifying the day as a recognition of the contributions and rights of workers.

The other events listed, while significant in labor history, do not directly result in the establishment of Labor Day as a federal holiday.