Which document outlines the foundational principles guiding the operation of US foreign policy?

The Monroe Doctrine is the correct answer because it specifically addresses U.S. foreign policy principles, particularly concerning the Western Hemisphere. Established in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine articulated a clear stance that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the independent nations of North America and South America. It underscored a significant policy direction by asserting that any attempt by a European power to colonize or interfere would be seen as a threat to the United States. This doctrine has guided U.S. foreign relations for many years, influencing American engagement in Latin America and shaping its role as a dominant power in the region.

The other documents listed, while important in their own rights, do not serve as foundational outlines for U.S. foreign policy in the same targeted manner. The Constitution sets forth the structure of government and foundational legal principles, the Declaration of Independence articulates the reasons for separation from Britain and the values of freedom, and the Bill of Rights enumerates specific protections for individuals but does not directly address foreign policy. Thus, the Monroe Doctrine stands out as the document that specifically shapes the principles guiding U.S. foreign policy.