The U.S. Constitution creates a federal system in which:

The correct answer emphasizes the federal system established by the U.S. Constitution, which is characterized by a division of powers between the national government and the individual state governments. This structure ensures that both levels of government have their own distinct responsibilities and authorities, allowing for a balance of power that helps prevent any single entity from becoming too powerful.

This division is fundamental to federalism, promoting the coexistence of local governance responsive to regional needs alongside a national framework that addresses broader issues affecting the entire country. It provides a system of checks and balances where different levels of government can operate independently while still being connected to the overall governance of the nation. This arrangement is crucial for managing the diverse interests and needs of the states while maintaining unity within the federal structure.

In contrast, other options reflect important aspects of governance but do not focus specifically on the federal division of powers. While the branches of government do have specific duties and the system includes checks and balances, these are features of separation of powers rather than a description of the federal system itself. Political parties, while integral to the electoral process, do not define the structure of governance established by the Constitution.