In which field of US politics is Congress least likely to dominate the executive branch?

Congress is least likely to dominate the executive branch in the area of foreign policy and military policy. This is primarily due to the nature of the powers granted to the President and Congress under the U.S. Constitution. The President serves as the Commander in Chief of the armed forces and has the authority to direct military operations and conduct foreign affairs, which often necessitates swift decision-making to respond to international events.

Foreign policy tends to require a level of secrecy and quick action that can be hindered by the legislative process, where Congress must debate and vote on issues. This dynamic allows the executive branch to take the lead in shaping foreign relations and military actions, often resulting in Congress playing a reactive role rather than an active one.

In contrast, the other areas mentioned, such as economics and budget, welfare programs, and civil rights, are typically more influenced by legislative action. These areas require extensive debate, negotiation, and collaboration between the executive and legislative branches, allowing Congress to assert more control and responsibility, thus leading to a balanced power dynamic in those fields.