In sub-Saharan Africa, where are the highest rates of HIV infection found?

The highest rates of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa are found in countries with the greatest income inequality, which is why this answer is correct. Income inequality can lead to disparities in access to healthcare, education, and social services. Individuals in lower-income brackets may have limited access to HIV prevention measures, treatment, and awareness programs, making them more vulnerable to the virus. Furthermore, societal structures that facilitate income inequality often contribute to stigmatization and discrimination against those living with HIV, hindering public health initiatives.

While the other options may suggest potential links to HIV prevalence, they do not capture the complexity of how income inequality specifically affects health outcomes. For instance, although poorer countries often face healthcare challenges, not all have the highest infection rates; some countries with significant health resources may still struggle due to inequality. Countries that experience conflict may also see spikes in infection rates, but this is typically more localized and tied to specific incidences, rather than a consistent pattern across the region. Non-democratic regimes may implement policies affecting health; however, the direct correlation to HIV rates isn't as strong as that presented by the influence of income inequality.